ASTM A234 WPB Fittings and SA 234 Gr WPB Carbon Steel Bend/ Weldolet

Carbon Steel A234 WPB Fittings manufacturer In India, Check Price List Ex Mumbai

SCH 40 A234 WPB Carbon Steel Fittings also resist stress corrosion cracking in freshwater. It is available in threaded sockets. They are fabricated with alloy elements to get a higher pressure rating, good corrosion resistance, and better strength. CS A234 WPB Buttweld Fittings are widely used in chemical industries, nuclear power plants, oil and gas industries, and extreme conditions. WPB Carbon Steel Stub End is made from a specification that does not cover cast welding fittings or the ones that have been machined from casting. The fittings do not have an imperfect or defect in welding.

A234 WPB Seamless Weldolet is available in ½ inch to24 inches in nominal bore size. They can be surface treated with hot galvanizing, transparent oil treated, or rust proof black oil. WPB Welded Fittings are available in various types such as tees, reducers, and elbows. We have been producing these fittings for generations and have always provided our customers the best quality product at an affordable price. To ensure that we provide them the best quality ASTM A234 WPB Pipe Fittings our team of experts passes these fittings through various tests. These tests determine the qualities inherited by WPB Fittings.

Table Of Content:

ASTM A234 WPB-W Means?
ASTM A234 WPB Fittings Dimensions
Types Of ASTM A234 WPB Fittings
ASTM A234 WPB Pressure Rating
A234 WPB Price List In India
ASTM A234 WPB Specification PDF
SCH 10 ASTM A234 WPB Buttweld Fittings Packaging Wooden Boxes
3 To 6 Inch A234 WPB Carbon Steel Fittings Tolerance Chart
Grade A234 WPB Seamless Fittings Size
A234 WPB Chemical Composition
Standards Of A234 WPB Pipe Fittings
ASME SA234 WPB Marking

SA234 Gr WPB Mechanical Properties
A234 Fitting Application For Piping
ASTM A234 WPB Weldolet Dimensions
A234 WPB Stub End Dimensions
ASTM A234 WPB Bend Dimensions
WPB Welded Fittings Schedule Chart
ANSI/ ASME B16.9 SA234 WPB Seamless Fittings Working Pressure
A234 Material Tensile Strength
A234 WPB Steel Yield Strength
1/2 to 48 Inch ASTM A234 WPB Carbon Steel Fittings Elongation
Schedule 80 A234 WPB Hardness
SA 234 WPB Heat Treatment

ASTM A234 WPB-W Means?

Fittings are usually used to connect different parts of a piping system. Fittings made up of various materials, metals and alloys are available in the market. One such type is the ASTM A234 WPB Fittings that is used in moderate temperature and are made up of carbon and steel alloy. As per Carbon Steel A234, WPB Fittings manufacturer In India these fittings are made up of ferritic and austenitic microstructure in equal quantity and have a lower quantity of nickel in them. This reduces the cost of ASME SA234 Grade WPB Bend. Since these fittings have a low corrosion rate they can be used in seawater or brackish water that is flowing with high velocity.

ASME SA234 Grade WPB Bend supplier, SCH 40 A234 WPB Carbon Steel Fittings Available According To ANSI/ ASME B16.9 And Dimensions/ Weight Chart

ASTM A234 WPB Fittings Dimensions

Normal Pipe Size For (NPS)	Outside Daimeter For (O.D.)		Buttweld 90 Deg Elbow		Buttweld 45 Deg Elbow		Buttweld Return 180 Deg Elbow
*(In Inches)*			Buttweld LR Elbow	Buttweld SR Elbow	Buttweld LR Elbow		Buttweld LR Elbow
	*(MM/ millimeter)*	*(Inches/ inch.)*	Center to Face (In Inch)	Center to Face (In Inch)	Center to Face (In Inch)	Radius (In Inch)	Center to Center (In Inch)	Back to face (In Inch)
1/2	21.3	0.840	1 1/2	–	5/8		2	1 7/8
3/4	26.7	1.050	1 1/8	–	7/16		2 1/4	1 11/16
1	33.4	1.315	1 1/2	1	7/8		3	2 3/16
1 1/4	42.2	1.660	1 7/8	1 1/4	1		3 3/4	2 3/4
1 1/2	48.3	1.900	2 1/4	1 1/2	1 1/8	3	4 1/2	3 1/4
2	60.3	2.375	3	2	1 3/8	4	6	4 3/16
2 1/2	73.0	2.875	3 3/4	2 1/2	1 3/4	5	7 1/2	5 3/16
3	88.9	3.500	4 1/2	3	2	6	9	6 1/4
3 1/2	101.6	4.000	5 1/4	3 1/2	2 1/4	7	10 1/2	7 1/4
4	114.3	4.500	6	4	2 1/2	8	12	8 1/4
5	141.3	5.563	7 1/2	5	3 1/8	10	15	10 5/16
6	168.3	6.625	9	6	3 3/4	12	18	12 5/16
8	219.1	8.625	12	8	5	12	24	16 5/16
10	273.1	10.750	15	10	6 1/4	15	30	20 3/8
12	323.9	12.750	18	12	7 1/2	18	36	24 3/8

Normal Pipe Size For (NPS)	Outside Daimeter For (O.D.)		ASME/ANSI B16.9 BW End Cap	ASME/ANSI B16.9 BW Straight Tee	ASME/ANSI B16.9 BW Straight Cross	ASME B16.9 BW Stub Ends
*(Inches/ inch.)*	*(MM/ millimeter)*	*(Inch.)*	Length (Inch.)	Center to End (Inch.)	Center to End (Inch.)	Lap Diameter (Inch.)	Long Length (Inch.)	Short Length (Inch.)
1/2	21.3	0.840	1	1	–	1 3/8	3	2
3/4	26.7	1.050	1	1 1/8	–	1 11/16	3	2
1	33.4	1.315	1 1/2	1 1/2	1 1/2	2	4	2
1 1/4	42.2	1.660	1 1/2	1 7/8	1 7/8	2 1/2	4	2
1 1/2	48.3	1.900	1 1/2	2 1/4	2 1/4	2 7/8	4	2
2	60.3	2.375	1 1/2	2 1/2	2 1/2	3 5/8	6	2 1/2
2 1/2	73.0	2.875	1 1/2	3	3	4 1/8	6	2 1/2
3	88.9	3.500	2	3 3/8	3 3/8	5	6	2 1/2
3 1/2	101.6	4.000	2 1/2	3 3/4	3 3/4	5 1/2	6	3
4	114.3	4.500	2 1/2	4 1/8	4 1/8	6 3/16	6	3
5	141.3	5.563	3	4 7/8	4 7/8	7 5/16	8	3
6	168.3	6.625	3 1/2	5 5/8	5 5/8	8 1/2	8	3 1/2
8	219.1	8.625	4	7	7	10 5/8	8	4
10	273.1	10.750	5	8 1/2	8 1/2	12 3/4	10	5
12	323.9	12.750	6	10	10	15	10	6

Types Of ASTM A234 WPB Fittings

ASTM A234 WPB Elbow

ASTM A234 WPB Reducer

ASTM A234 WPB Tee

ASTM A234 WPB End Cap

We Can Help With All CS A234 WPB Buttweld Fittings You Need, Refer SA234 Gr. WPB Carbon Steel Stub End Pressure Rating And Size Chart

ASTM A234 WPB Pressure Rating

Pressure ratings (psig)
Temperature Ratings		Type Of Pressure Class
		150 LBS	300 LBS
			1/4 - 1 Inches	1 1/4 - 2 Inches	2 1/2 - 3 Inches
(^oF)	(^oC)		1/4 - 1 Inches	1 1/4 - 2 Inches	2 1/2 - 3 Inches
-20 to 150	-29 to 66	300	2000	1500	1000
200	93	265	1785	1350	910
250	121	225	1575	1200	825
300	149	185	1360	1050	735
350	177	150	1150	900	650
400	204	-	935	750	560
450	232	-	725	600	475
500	260	-	510	450	385
550	288	-	300	300	300

Know More About A234 WPB Seamless Weldolet Material Available In Different Sizes And Schedule Buy Online And Save Cost

A234 WPB Price List In India

Type Of Fittings	Size	SCH	Material	Price In INR (India) Per Piece
ASTM A234 WPB Reducer	3/4 X 1/2	SCH 160	Carbon Steel	100.00
Concentric Reducer	1 X 1/2"	SCH 160	Carbon Steel	133.00
Concentric Reducer	4 X 2"	SCH 160	Carbon Steel	603.00
Concentric Reducer	5 X 4"	SCH 40	Carbon Steel	337.00
Concentric Reducer	6 X 4"	SCH 80	Carbon Steel	873.00
ASTM A234 WPB Elbow	3/4"	SCH 40	Carbon Steel	126.00
90 Deg Elbow	1"	SCH 40	Carbon Steel	200.00
90 Deg Elbow	2"	SCH 40	Carbon Steel	236.00
90 Deg Elbow	3"	SCH 40	Carbon Steel	326.00
90 Deg Elbow	4"	SCH 40	Carbon Steel	428.00
90 Deg Elbow	5"	SCH 40	Carbon Steel	538.00
90 Deg Elbow	6"	SCH 40	Carbon Steel	631.00
ASTM A234 WPB End Cap	1/2"	Schedule 40	CS	126.00
End Cap	3/4"	Schedule 40	CS	199.00
End Cap	1"	Schedule 40	CS	234.00
End Cap	1 1/4"	Schedule 40	CS	289.00
End Cap	2"	Schedule 40	CS	348.00
ASTM A234 WPB Tee	1/2"	Schedule 40	CS	80.00
Equal Tee	3/4"	Schedule 40	CS	120.00
Equal Tee	3/1"	Schedule 40	CS	150.00
Equal Tee	2"	Schedule 40	CS	236.00
Equal Tee	3"	Schedule 40	CS	302.00
Equal Tee	4"	Schedule 40	CS	399.00

We Are One Of The Most Trusted Manufacturer Of ASTM A234 WPB Fittings In India. For final ASTM A234 WPB Pipe Fittings Price List Please Call on +91-9987870874 or drop an Email to info@fastwell.in.

ASTM A234 WPB Specification PDF

Manufacturer Specifications	ASTM A234 WPB Fittings
Thickness	SCH 5/ SCH 10/ SCH 20/ SCH 30/ SCH 40/ SCH 50/ SCH 60/ SCH 70/ SCH 80/ SCH 120 Ect.
Connection	Welding.
Manufacturing process	Push/ Press/ Forge/ Cast/ etc.
Surface treatment	Sand Blasting/ Sand Rolling/ Sand Blasting
Chemical Composition	Carbon [C] (≤0.30), Manganese [Mn] (0.29-1.06), Phosphorus [P] (≤0.050), Sulfur [S] (≤0.058) etc.
Tensile Strength, min.	60 (ksi)
Top 4 Type Of WPB Fitting	Elbow And Tee, Reducer And End Cap
Standard & Dimensions	MSS-SP-43, ASME B16.28, ASME/ANSI B16.9, ASME/ANSI B16.11
Pressure Class	Class 150/ Class 300 To Class 600
A234 WPB Methods	Seamless And Welded & ButtWeld
Size	1/2"/ 3/4", 1", 2", 3", 4", 5", 6", 7", 8", 9", 10" Inch

SCH 10 ASTM A234 WPB Buttweld Fittings Packaging Wooden Boxes

3 To 6 Inch A234 WPB Carbon Steel Fittings Tolerance Chart

Tolerance Of ASTM A234 WPB Fittings
All Type Of Buttweld Fitting				45 deg & 90 deg elbows	180 Degree Returns
Normal Size Of Pipe (NPS)	Outside Daimeter (O.D.) at Bevel	I.D. (Inside Daimeter) at End	Thickness Of Wall (WT) t / t1	Center to End Daimeter A-B-C-M	Center to Center Daimeter (O)	Back to Face Daimeter (K)	Align- ment of Ends (U)
1/2 a 2 1/2	1	0,8	Not	2	7	7	1
3 a 3 1/2	1	1,6	less	2	7	7	1
4	+2 -1	1,6	than	2	7	7	1
5 a 6	+3 -1	1,6	87,50%	2	7	7	1
8	2	1,6	of nominal	2	7	7	1
10	+4 -3	3,2	tickness	2	7	7	2
12 a 18	+4 -3	3,2	3	10	7	2
20 a 24	+6 -5	4,8	3	10	7	2
26 a 30	+7 -5	4,8	3	-	-	-	-
32 a 48	+7 -5	4,8	5	-	-	-	-

Grade A234 WPB Seamless Fittings Size

O.D. (Outside Daimeter) And I.D. (Inside Daimeter)	Equivalent List	Diameter Of Nominal Pipe	Threads Size In Inches
5/16	0.313	1/16	27
13/32	0.405	1/8	27
35/64	0.540	1/4	18
43/64	0.675	3/8	18
27/32	0.840	1/2	14
1-3/64	1.050	3/4	14
1-5/16	1.315	1	11-1/2
1-21/32	1.660	1-1/4	11-1/2
1-29/32	1.900	1-1/2	11-1/2
2-3/8	2.375	2	11-1/2
2-7/8	2.875	2-1/2	8
3-1/2	3.500	3	8
4	4.000	3-1/2	8
4-1/2	4.500	4	8

A234 WPB Chemical Composition

Element	Content, %
Sulfur [S]	≤0.058
Silicon [Si]	≥0.10
Carbon [C]	≤0.30
Manganese [Mn]	0.29-1.06
Phosphorus [P]	≤0.050
Copper [Cu]	≤0.40
Vanadium [V]	≤0.08
Chromium [Cr]	≤0.40
Molybdenum [Mo]	≤0.15
Nickel [Ni]	≤0.40

Standards Of A234 WPB Pipe Fittings

MSS SP-75
ANSI/ ASME B16.9
BS1640
DIN EN 10253
DIN 2605
MSS SP-43

ASME SA234 WPB Marking

ASTM A234 WPB Fittings Marking includes ANSI Or ASME/ ASA Code

Name of Manufacturer = (Fastwell Engineering)
NPS = (10"X6" Inch)
Flanges Type = (Reducing Tee)
Schedule = (SCH 40)
Material Designation = (ASTM A234 WPB)
Standard = (ASME B16.9 SMLS)
Country Name = (Made In India)

SA234 Gr WPB Mechanical Properties

ASTM A234 Grades	Tensile Strength, (minimum)		Yield Strength, (minimum)		Elongation %, (minimum)
ASTM A234 Grades	ksi	MPa	ksi	MPa	Longitudinal	Transverse
WPB	60	415	35	240	22	14

A234 Fitting Application For Piping

CS A234 WPB Buttweld Fittings For Modern Architecture
WPB Carbon Steel Stub End For Heat Exchanger
A234 WPB Seamless Weldolet For Pharmaceutical Processing Industry
ASME SA234 Grade WPB Bend For Fluid Piping
SCH 40 A234 WPB Carbon Steel Fitting For Dairy And Food Processing
WPB Welded Fittings For Pulp And Paper Industry
ASTM A234 WPB Fittings For Power Plants
Carbon Steel A234 WPB Fitting For Oil And Gas Industry

ASTM A234 WPB Weldolet Dimensions

Run Pipe (Normal Pipe Size)	Run Pipe (Thickness Schedule)	A234 WPB Weldolet Dimensions
Normal Pipe Size (NPS)	Sch	2″ Inch	3″ Inch	4″ Inch	6″ Inch	8″ Inch	10″ Inch	12″ Inch	14″ Inch	16″ Inch	18″ Inch	20″ Inch	24″ Inch
2″	STD-40 XS-80	70
	XXS-160	87
3″	STD-40 XS-80	84	91
	XXS-160	101	119
4″	STD-40 XS-80	97	103	111
	XXS-160	114	132	144
	STD-40	124	130	138	148
6″	XS-80	124	130	138	165
	XXS-160	141	159	171	192
	STD-40	149	156	164	176	183
8″	XS-80	149	156	164	191	197
	XXS-160	167	184	197	218	224
	STD-40	176	183	191	205	210	218
10″	XS-80	176	183	191	218	238	235
	XXS-160	194	211	224	245	251	265
	STD	202	208	216	228	255	245	251
12″	XS	202	208	216	243	264	267	265
	XXS-160	219	237	249	270	276	291	324
14″	STD	218	224	232	245	251	259	267	270
	XS	218	224	231	239	279	270	278	286
16″	STD	243	249	257	270	276	284	292	295	300
	XS	243	249	257	284	305	293	303	306	319
18″	STD	268	275	283	295	302	310	318	321	325	335
	XS	268	275	283	310	330	321	329	332	338	352
20″	STD	294	300	308	321	327	335	343	346	351	356	376
	XS	294	300	308	335	356	346	354	557	364	370	386
24″	STD	345	351	359	372	378	386	394	397	402	406	411	446
	XS	345	351	359	386	406	397	405	408	414	421	429	449

manufacturer And exporter Of WPB Welded Fittings As Per MSS SP-75/ BS1640/ EN 10253/ DIN 2605 Standard In Mumbai, India. Refer ASTM A234 WPB Fittings Dimensions PDF

A234 WPB Stub End Dimensions

Normal Pipe Size For (NPS)	O.D. For (Outside Daimeter) of barrel		Length Of (F)		Radius Of(R)	Diameter Of (G)
Normal Pipe Size For (NPS)	(Min.)	(Max.)	ASME B16.9 Long Pattern	ASME B16.9 Short Pattern	Radius Of(R)	Diameter Of (G)
1/2″	20.5	22.8	76	51	3	35
3/4″	25.9	28.1	76	51	3	43
1″	32.6	35.0	102	51	3	51
1 1/4″	41.4	43.6	102	51	5	64
1 1/2″	47.5	49.9	102	51	6	74
2″	59.5	62.4	152	64	8	92
2 1/2″	72.2	75.3	152	64	8	105
3″	88.1	91.3	152	64	10	127
3 1/2″	100.8	104.0	152	76	10	140
4″	113.5	116.7	152	76	11	157
5″	140.5	144.3	203	76	11	186
6″	167.5	171.3	203	89	13	216
8″	218.3	222.1	203	102	13	270
10″	272.3	277.2	254	127	13	324
12″	323.1	328.0	254	152	13	381
14″	354.8	359.9	305	152	13	413
16″	405.6	411.0	305	152	13	470
18″	456.0	462.0	305	152	13	533
20″	507.0	514.0	305	152	13	584
22″	558.0	565.0	305	152	13	641
24″	609.0	616.0	305	152	13	692

Fastwell Can Supply Express Delivery To Here:

South Africa, Brazil, Saudi Arabia (KSA), Kuwait

ASTM A234 WPB Fittings

South Africa, Saudi Arabia (KSA), Kuwait, Brazil

Australia, Nigeria, Turkey, UK, Belgium, Egypt

Astm A234 Wpb Pipe Fittings

Nigeria, Egypt, UK, Australia, Turkey, Belgium

Hong Kong, Spain, Oman, Mexico, Poland, Japan

A234 Wpb Weld Fittings

Oman, Spain, Poland, Mexico, Hong Kong, Japan

Iran, Italy, Chile, Singapore, Canada, China

Sch 40 A234 Wpb Carbon Steel Fittings

Italy, Iran, Singapore, Canada, Chile, China

Malaysia, United Kingdom -UK, Europe, UAE

Wpb Fittings

United Kingdom -UK, Malaysia, Europe, UAE

A234 Wpb Buttweld Fitting

Dammam -KSA, Indonesia, Philippines

Wpb Carbon Steel Stub End

France, Thailand, Qatar, Europe

A234 Wpb Seamless Weldolet

Germany, USA, Bangladesh, Finland

ASTM A234 WPB Bend Dimensions

Standard Of Pipe		Specification	. Bauart 5	2,5D
Size	Dia. [Outside Daimeter]	CLR	CLR	CLR
20	26,9	110		67
25	33,7	110		84
32	42,4	110		106
40	48,3	110		212
50	60,3	125		151
65	76,1		175	190
80	88,9		205	222
100	114,3		270	286
125	139,7		330	350
150	168,3		390	421
200	219,1		510
250	273		650
300	323,9		775
350	355,6		850
400	406,4		970
500	508		1245

WPB Welded Fittings Schedule Chart

Normal Pipe Size For (NPS) For ANSI/ASME B16.9	10S Schedule			40S Schedule			80S Schedule
Normal Pipe Size For (NPS) For ANSI/ASME B16.9	Buttweld 90 Degree Elbow	Buttweld 45 Degree Elbow	B16.9 Buttweld Equal Tee	Buttweld 90 Deg Elbows	Buttweld 45 Deg Elbows	B16.9 Buttweld Equal Tee	Buttweld 90 Degree Elbow	Buttweld 45 Degree Elbow	ASME B16.9 Buttweld Equal Tee
8	0.02	0.01	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.06	0.04	0.03	0.07
10	0.03	0.02	0.05	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.06	0.04	0.09
15	0.06	0.03	0.09	0.08	0.04	0.10	0.10	0.05	0.14
20	0.07	0.03	0.13	0.08	0.04	0.17	0.11	0.05	0.20
25	0.14	0.08	0.28	0.15	0.11	0.29	0.22	0.14	0.38
32	0.23	0.11	0.49	0.26	0.17	0.59	0.40	0.23	0.68
40	0.30	0.17	0.68	0.40	0.23	0.86	0.51	0.29	1.02
50	0.50	0.25	0.85	0.70	0.4	1.28	0.91	0.59	1.59
65	0.85	0.48	1.41	1.40	0.77	2.19	1.81	0.99	3.13
80	1.25	0.63	1.77	2.20	1.08	3.31	2.97	1.50	4.45
90	1.70	0.75	2.67	2.83	1.42	4.08	4.00	2.00	5.44
100	2.10	1.08	3.46	4.47	2.09	5.27	6.18	2.81	7.71
150	5.45	2.72	8.07	10.89	5.44	10.99	16.32	8.16	13.61
200	10.20	5.33	15.65	21.54	10.77	20.91	33.11	16.56	28.12
250	18.15	9.75	26.46	38.56	19.27	35.38	51.71	25.86	49.90
300	25.80	13.62	39.46	59.42	29.71	62.14	79.38	39.69	83.91

Normal Pipe Size For (NPS) For ANSI/ ASME B16.9	10S Schedule			40S Schedule			80S Schedule
Normal Pipe Size For (NPS) For ANSI/ ASME B16.9	Buttweld Con Pipe Reducer	Buttweld Ecc Pipe Reducer	Buttweld Unequal And Reducing Tee	Buttweld Con Pipe Reducer	Buttweld Ecc Pipe Reducer	Buttweld Unequal And Reducing Tee	Buttweld Con Pipe Reducer	Buttweld Ecc Pipe Reducer	Buttweld Unequal And Reducing Tee
40x.25	0.19	0.19	0.60	0.26	0.26	0.76	0.34	0.34	0.90
50x25	0.28	0.28	0.73	0.40	0.40	1.10	0.54	0.54	1.37
50x40	0.31	0.31	0.76	0.45	0.45	1.15	0.59	0.59	1.43
80x.50	0.55	0.55	1.56	1.00	1.00	2.91	1.79	1.79	3.91
100x50	0.78	0.78	2.94	1.50	1.50	4.48	1.95	1.95	6.55
100x80	0.87	0.87	3.04	1.74	1.74	4.64	2.33	2.33	6.79
150x80	1.82	1.82	6.86	3.95	3.95	9.68	5.51	5.51	11.57
150x100	1.96	1.96	7.10	4.07	4.07	11.94	5.96	5.96	11.97
200x100	3.01	3.01	13.46	6.55	6.55	17.98	9.23	9.23	24.18
200x150	3.19	3.19	14.08	6.74	6.74	18.82	10.12	10.12	25.31

ANSI/ ASME B16.9 SA234 WPB Seamless Fittings Working Pressure

Service	Limits Of Temperature	Limits Of Pressure
condensate And Steam	(max.) 366^oF (186^oC), (min.) 0^oF (-18^oC)	150 psig (1000 kPa)
gases & vapors, Air	(max.) 200^oF (93^oC), (min.) 0^oF (-18^oC)	150 psig (1000 kPa)
Nonflammable Liquids	(max.) 250^oF (121^oC), (min.) 0^oF (-18^oC)	350 psig (2300 kPa)

A234 Material Tensile Strength

Tensile Strength, minimum
ksi	MPa
60	415

A234 WPB Steel Yield Strength

Yield Strength, (minimum)
ksi	MPa
35	240

1/2 to 48 Inch ASTM A234 WPB Carbon Steel Fittings Elongation

Elongation %, minimum
Longitudinal	Transverse
22	14

Schedule 80 A234 WPB Hardness

ASTM A234 WPB Fittings is made from A106 Gr B And have an imposed value of 197 HB maximum.

SA 234 WPB Heat Treatment

Hot formed ASTM A234 WPB Fitting upon which the final forming operation is completed at a temp above 1150°F [620° Celsius] and below 1800°F [980° Celsius] need not be heat treated provided they are cooled in still air.